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TY - JOUR AU - Muja, Mambaga S. AU - Mtei, Regina P. AU - Kilulya, Kessy F. PY - 2024/10/02 Y2 - 2025/07/31 TI - The Occurrence and Variations of Total Aflatoxins and Aflatoxin B1 in Different Types of Chicken Feeds Marketed in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania JF - Tanzania Journal of Science JA - Tanz. J. Sci. VL - 50 IS - 3 SE - Physical Sciences DO - 10.4314/tjs.v50i3.15 UR - https://tjs.udsm.ac.tz/index.php/tjs/article/view/2043 SP - 600-612 AB - <p class="western" align="justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">This paper reports on the occurrence and variation of total aflatoxins (TAF) and aflatoxin B</span></span>_{<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">1</span></span>}<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"> (AFB</span></span>_{<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">1</span></span>}<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">) in different types of chicken feeds collected from various locations in Dar es Salaam. A total of 63 chicken feed samples based on cotton seed hulls, sunflower seed hulls, maize bran and mixed feeds were analysed using HPLC-FLD. It was revealed that all samples were contaminated with both TAF and AFB</span></span>_{<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">1</span></span>}<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">, varying significantly with respect to their types. Specifically, 52.9% of the cotton seed hulls and 64.7% of maize bran samples exceeded the set tolerable limit of 5 ng g</span></span>^{<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">−1</span></span>}<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"> for AFB</span></span>_{<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">1</span></span>}<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">. All sunflower seed hull samples were contaminated, showing varying mean concentrations of TAF across the sites: Manzese (150.48 ng g</span></span>^{<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">−1</span></span>}<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">), Mbagala (56.20 ng g</span></span>^{<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">−1</span></span>}<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">), Bunju (49.08 ng g</span></span>^{<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">−1</span></span>}<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">) and Kigamboni (33.83 ng g</span></span>^{<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">−1</span></span>}<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">). Remarkably, all chicken feed samples from the poultry farms were contaminated with levels beyond the recommended international maximum tolerable limit of 20 ng g</span></span>^{<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">−1</span></span>}<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"> of TAF for feeds with levels decreasing from Farm C (77.71 ng g</span></span>^{<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">−1</span></span>}<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">), Farm A (48.19 ng g</span></span>^{<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">−1</span></span>}<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">), Farm E (38.95 ng g</span></span>^{<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">−1</span></span>}<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">) and Farm F (24.48 ng g</span></span>^{<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">−1</span></span>}<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">). These findings call for urgent stringent quality control measures to mitigate aflatoxin contamination in chicken feeds, thereby safeguarding animal health and preventing potential health risks to humans.</span></span></p> ER -